Very often a razor blade or x-acto knife blade can be carefully slid under the button shank and pop it off.
The maker of several of our 2 part epoxy glues, Hughes, makes an adhesive solvent called "Attack" that is more aggressive in removing adhesives. It is also harsher and more dangerous to use. Either of these can be used in a glass jar with a metal or glass lid as they often need from several hours to several days to remove an adhesive. Most rock shops and lapidary supply houses carry "Attack."
Years ago Rings & Things manufactured a line of crystal post earrings. We used acetone to remove the posts that were glued-up improperly. “Attack” would do the job faster.
Solvents need to be tested on the button. “Attack” and acetone will slowly degrade many glues but will also affect the finish of a plastic button or even the button shank. Test either product on a single button before dunking 40 of them in a jar of solvent.
Hope this helps!